{"id":2549,"date":"2020-09-04T10:39:09","date_gmt":"2020-09-04T08:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/smoker.laskowski.pro\/clearing\/"},"modified":"2020-09-04T10:39:09","modified_gmt":"2020-09-04T08:39:09","slug":"clearing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smoker.com.pl\/en\/clearing\/","title":{"rendered":"CLEARING"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Historia:<\/strong><\/h1>\n

The oldest method of preserving food is curing (salting) and smoking – the first records of this date back 4000 B.C. and come from China and Egypt. <\/p>\n

In Europe, the pioneers were the Greeks, but on a massive scale salting was introduced by the Romans. In the mid-14th century, salting was improved by the Dutch and the English, introducing other preservatives and curing agents into the brines. <\/p>\n

The smoking took place in a non-perishable room without windows, with sloping roofs where fire was burned on the floors. The Germans had smoke chimneys adapted for smoking, smoking rooms were placed on the floors of residential houses. The first smoking took place using the cold smoke method, and only with time did other methods appear. In countries with low humidity, where white mould is friendly to the organism, after salting, products – meat, fish are only dried in airy rooms. Such lucky people are Italians, Spaniards and French. <\/p>\n

The Baltic countries have quite high air humidity, and under such conditions we are dealing with green and black mould – i.e. \u00a0This means that it is rotting, harmful to the organism. That is why many times after salting (curing) smoking procedures were applied. Most often smoking procedures were applied in small butcher’s shops and in rural environments, when at the time of own slaughter a mountain of meat appeared, which (in the absence of refrigerators) had to be secured somehow and its durability extended. Many people still remember the wonderful products of their parents, grandparents, made with natural spices, without preservatives. <\/p>\n

“In recent years, the European Union has been trying to push through a ban on commercial smoking using traditional methods. They propose the use of chemical smoke concentrates. This predicts that perhaps soon the only way to enjoy traditional smokes will be to smoke by yourself.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Atractionality and benefits of own production: <\/h1>\n

For the production of raw hams older animals are more suitable than young ones – the curing process is better and thus the meat matures. <\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  • “In our own production process we refrain from adding chemicals in favour of natural spices – many people have food allergies, for example, in the form of a food additive. Many people are allergic to glutamates. <\/li>\n
  • The hobby of amateur home production can be a counterweight to the stress of everyday life. <\/li>\n
  • Financial benefits – meat is cheaper than products and after curing and heat treatment it gains higher value. <\/li>\n
  • “Own products are healthier and of better quality. <\/li>\n
  • Traditional products can be a great gift for relatives, friends, friends. <\/li>\n
  • For group purchases of products, “own production” is a great opportunity to meet friends or feasts in the neighbourhood, it can result in learning new, unknown, traditional, regional recipes. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \n

    Pecking:<\/strong><\/h1>\n

    Curing is a sequence of technological processes involving the action of preserving compounds on meat in order to achieve proper maturity, i.e.: giving it the right colour, characteristic taste, smell and durability. <\/p>\n

    Curing involves the loss of water and soluble chemicals by the meat tissue while the salt penetrates deep into the product, where this salt has a bactericidal effect. With a 10% salt solution, the development of most rot bacteria is stopped, but some bacteria multiply. <\/p>\n

    If we cure or salt meat that is not first fresh, we only prevent further deterioration, it will not restore freshness. <\/em><\/p>\n

    The main conservation compounds are: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Salt and salt derivatives<\/li>\n
    • Natural curing aids: spices, herbs, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), aromatic essences, vegetable juices, oils, sugar, milk, whey, buttermilk, etc. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n

      The first method of meat preservation was salting. However, kitchen salt changes the natural colour of meat from pink and red to grey, not very appetising. It is then worth adding sugar, which will sharpen the taste of the meat, improve its tenderness, and provide a breeding ground for the denitrifying bacteria that affect the light pink colour of the meat. Sugar cannot be added too much, the standard stipulates 2.8% in relation to the salt used. Excess sugar can lead to the transformation of haemoglobin into methemoglobin, which can manifest itself in the wrong colour of meat. In summer, this rate must be reduced as too much sugar can cause additional fermentation, which can result in spoiling the meat. Some traditional recipes do not provide for sugar in the curing process.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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      The action of salt on meat is osmotic-diffusion exchange. The meat tissue loses part of the water to the benefit of the salt, the osmotic pressure inside the cells increases, which inhibits the development of rotting bacteria and mould. After salting, it is worthwhile to smoke the meat or put it in the refrigerator. <\/p>\n

      You should remember that<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Cuisine salt does not dissolve in fats<\/li>\n
      • coarse salt dissolves harder than fine salt. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n

        The higher form of salting is curing – it consists in salting the meat with kitchen salt with the addition of sodium nitrite (otherwise – nitrite). Such a mixture is most often called curing salt (composition: 99.4% salt and 0.6% sodium nitrite). You should not make such a mixture yourself, it is best to buy it in a shop. Peklosol prepared in laboratory conditions is safe, an overdose may at most reveal the salty taste of the product. <\/p>\n

        “It is best for curing to take place at 4\u02daC – 7\u02daC. At 0\u02daC and below, curing does not take place. Curing and salting at temperatures above 10 \u02daC should not be used. The best curing meat is: pork, poultry, game and fish. Worse effects are obtained with beef curing and the worst with sheep and veal. <\/p>\n

        The following effects are obtained by curing: <\/strong>
        1. Appetising pink and red colour of meat.
        2. Expressive taste.
        3. Characteristic smell, suitable for the type and assortment of meat.
        4. Durability. <\/p>\n

        The quality of meat curing is strongly influenced by the coefficient (“pH”).\u00a0 It is an indicator informing about meat acidification. The overall pH scale is from 0 to 14.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Acidity value above 7<\/strong> and below4 <\/strong> is marked as critical state – broken product. The best acidity of meat is an indicator = 5.5 pH, good between 5 and 6 pH. <\/p>\n

        The best cured meat is obtained from young, healthy animals: cattle, pigs, poultry, fish. <\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Work from 7 to 11 months for pigs. <\/li>\n
        • Fodder – if dairy products (milk, whey, buttermilk) unmodified cereal grains, nuts, oranges – (Sicily), acorns – (Spain), etc. are used for feeding. – Then we obtain the highest quality of curing and the highest quality of meat.<\/li>\n
        • “Health condition of the animal – fatigue, fever before slaughter has an adverse effect on the pH and quality of meat. <\/li>\n
        • The preparation of the animal for slaughter and the slaughter technique have a great influence on the quality of curing meat: meat of pigs properly starved before slaughter cures better than meat of non-starved animals. <\/li>\n
        • The meat of badly-blooded animals is not suitable for curing because such meat moves in an alkaline direction (below zero), which may result in adverse taste and smell changes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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          Metody solenia i peklowania:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Suche<\/li>\n
          • Mokre<\/li>\n
          • Kombinowane \u2013 mieszane<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u00a0<\/p>\n

            Peklowanie (Solenie) metod\u0105 na sucho:<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

            Metoda ta polega na tym, \u017ce produkty nacierane s\u0105 bezpo\u015brednio sol\u0105 lub peklosol\u0105 z dodatkiem przypraw, aromat\u00f3w w celu uzyskania trwa\u0142o\u015bci oraz ulubionych walor\u00f3w smakowych.<\/p>\n

            W tym celu nale\u017cy zachowa\u0107 okre\u015blone standardy:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Do peklowania mi\u0119sa u\u017cywamy peklos\u00f3l najlepiej w proporcji 18 \u2013 22 gramy na 1 kg mi\u0119sa. Norma peklosoli w tym przedziale jest norm\u0105 optymaln\u0105, potwierdzon\u0105 laboratoryjnie. Po zastosowaniu tych norm smak pod wzgl\u0119dem wysolenia nie jest ani za mocno wyczuwalny, ani za s\u0142aby.<\/li>\n
            • Dla mi\u0119sa delikatnego, np. drobiowego lub nie bior\u0105cego udzia\u0142u w przemieszczaniu si\u0119, np. schabu wieprzowego, pol\u0119dwicy najlepiej stosowa\u0107 norm\u0119 peklosoli doln\u0105 \u2013 18 g. Dla element\u00f3w bior\u0105cych udzia\u0142 w ruchu np. szynki, \u0142opatka, golonka, kark maj\u0105ce inna struktur\u0119 w\u0142\u00f3kien mi\u0119sa (twardsz\u0105), stosujemy g\u00f3rn\u0105 granic\u0119 22 gramy.<\/li>\n
            • W celu zmniejszeniu udzia\u0142u chemii w peklowaniu (peklos\u00f3l zawiera nitryty), mo\u017cna zastosowa\u0107 wariant zmniejszenia ilo\u015bci peklosoli o 50 % na korzy\u015b\u0107 zwyk\u0142ej soli.<\/li>\n
            • Do peklowania najlepiej u\u017cywa\u0107 naczy\u0144 ze stali kwasoodpornej lub glinianych garnk\u00f3w.<\/li>\n
            • Natarte peklosol\u0105 i przyprawami produkty nale\u017cy przewraca\u0107 w naczyniu dwa razy dziennie, rano i wieczorem. S\u00f3l ma w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci higroskopijne wyci\u0105ga z tkanki wod\u0119. Po kilku godzinach na dnie naczynia wytworzy si\u0119 solanka, dlatego nale\u017cy rotowa\u0107 produktami. Czas peklowania metod\u0105 such\u0105 to od 3 do 5 dni.<\/li>\n
            • Do peklowania nie nale\u017cy u\u017cywa\u0107 przypraw pylistych, ci\u0119\u017cko je wyp\u0142uka\u0107, a w trakcie w\u0119dzenia pozostawi\u0105 czarne kropki na produktach, najlepiej u\u017cywa\u0107 przyprawy w ziarnach. W celu uzyskania lepszego aromatu mo\u017cna je lekko rozdrobni\u0107 w mo\u017adzierzu.<\/li>\n
            • Ka\u017cdy kawa\u0142ek mi\u0119sa ma sw\u00f3j w\u0142asny smak, dlatego nale\u017cy uwa\u017ca\u0107 z ilo\u015bci\u0105 przypraw dodawanych do peklosoli. Najlepiej stosowa\u0107 star\u0105, sprawdzon\u0105 zasad\u0119, \u017ceby do peklowania, marynowania u\u017cywa\u0107 tylko\u00a0soli, pieprzu i jeszcze czego\u015b<\/strong>. Mo\u017ce to by\u0107, np.: czosnek, kolendra, gorczyca, ja\u0142owiec, ziele angielskie czy li\u015b\u0107 laurowy, no i oczywi\u015bcie wszystko z umiarem, wed\u0142ug swoich upodoba\u0144.<\/li>\n
            • Po peklowaniu mi\u0119so mo\u017cna lekko przep\u0142uka\u0107 w letniej wodzie, zebra\u0107 ziarenka przypraw, zasznurowa\u0107 lub powk\u0142ada\u0107 do siatek i osuszy\u0107 \u2013 najlepiej na wisz\u0105co, po uw\u0119dzeniu b\u0119d\u0105 mia\u0142y \u0142adny kolor i po\u0142ysk. Niep\u0142ukane b\u0119d\u0105 mia\u0142y kolor matowy.<\/li>\n
            • Podczas peklowania (solenia) metod\u0105 na sucho uzyskujemy produkt mniej soczysty, bardziej odwodniony, a tym samym trwalszy. Przy peklowaniu (soleniu) wi\u0119kszych element\u00f3w lub boczk\u00f3w mo\u017ce wyst\u0105pi\u0107 nier\u00f3wnomierne nasolenie poszczeg\u00f3lnych cz\u0119\u015bci mi\u0119sa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Do not use dusty spices for curing, they are hard to rinse out and will leave black dots on the products during smoking, it is best to use spice in grains. For a better aroma you can grind them lightly in a mortar.<\/li>\n

            • Every piece of meat has its own taste, so be careful with the amount of spices added to peclosols. It is best to use the old, proven rule that only soli, pepper and something else<\/strong>. It can be, for example: garlic, coriander, mustard seed, juniper, allspice or bay leaf, and of course everything in moderation, according to your preferences. <\/li>\n
            • After curing, the meat can be slightly rinsed in lukewarm water, picked grains of spices, lined or put into nets and dried – preferably hanging, they will have a nice colour and shine after smoking. Unrinsed will have a matt colour.<\/li>\n
            • Drying (salting) with the dry method produces a product that is less juicy, more dehydrated and thus more durable. During curing (salting) of larger pieces or bacon, uneven salinity of individual parts of meat may occur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Historia: The oldest method of preserving food is curing (salting) and smoking – the first records of this date back 4000 B.C. and come from China and Egypt. In Europe, the pioneers were the Greeks, but on a massive scale salting was introduced by the Romans. In the mid-14th century, salting was improved by the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2330,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nCLEARING - Smoker.com.pl<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CLEARING - Smoker.com.pl\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Historia: The oldest method of preserving food is curing (salting) and smoking – the first records of this date back 4000 B.C. and come from China and Egypt. In Europe, the pioneers were the Greeks, but on a massive scale salting was introduced by the Romans. 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